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Senior Care: What Is Dementia?

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Dementia articleWhat is Dementia?

Dementia, is a broad term that refers to a deterioration in brain functioning. It can include thought processes, judgment, reasoning, memory, communication and behaviour.

What’s the Difference Between Alzheimer’s and Dementia?

Dementia is a broad category, while Alzheimer’s disease is a specific type, and the most common cause, of dementia. Other kinds of dementia include Huntington’s disease, frontotemporal degeneration, vascular disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and Parkinson’s dementia.

 What Are the Symptoms of Dementia?

Dementia symptoms can included, but not limited to the following:

Cognitive changes

  • Memory loss
  • Difficulty communicating or finding words
  • Difficulty with complex tasks
  • Difficulty with planning and organizing
  • Difficulty with coordination and motor functions
  • Problems with disorientation, such as getting lost

Psychological changes

  • Personality changes
  • Inability to reason
  • Inappropriate behavior
  • Paranoia
  • Agitation
  • Hallucinations

What Causes Dementia?

Dementia involves damage of nerve cells in the brain, which may occur in several areas of the brain. Dementia may affect people differently, depending on the area of the brain affected.

Dementias can be classified in a variety of ways and are often grouped by what they have in common, such as what part of the brain is affected, or whether they worsen over time (progressive dementias).

Some dementias, such as those caused by a reaction to medications or an infection, are reversible with treatment.

The risk of developing dementia increases as people age, but it is not a normal consequence of aging.

Prevalence of Dementia

As of 2010, more than 35.6 million people worldwide are living with dementia, or more than the total population of Canada. The global prevalence of dementia stands to double every 20 years, to 65.7 million in 2030, and 115.4 million in 2050.

Approximately half of people over the age of 85 develop Alzheimer’s disease, the most common cause of dementia. Currently, 5.4 million Americans suffer from Alzheimer’s or another dementia.

In 2011, the first wave of the baby boomers turned 65. Between 2 per cent and 10 per cent of all cases of dementia start before the age of 65 an the risk for dementia doubles every five years after age 65.

Diagnosis of Dementia

Doctors employ a number of strategies to diagnose dementia. It is important that they rule out any treatable conditions, such as depression, normal pressure hydrocephalus, or vitamin B12 deficiency, which can cause similar symptoms.

Early, accurate diagnosis of dementia is important for patients and their families because it allows early treatment of symptoms. For people with AD or other progressive dementias, early diagnosis may allow them to plan for the future while they can still help to make decisions. These people also may benefit from drug treatment.

Early, accurate diagnosis of dementia is important for patients and their families because it allows early treatment of symptoms, including:

  • Patient history
  • Physical examination
  • Neurological evaluations
  • Cognitive and neuropsychological tests
  • Brain scans
  • Laboratory tests
  • Psychiatric evaluation

If you suspect someone has dementia, arrange for a doctor’s appointment for an evaluation. Sometimes, reversible conditions such as normal pressure hydrocephalus or vitamin B12 deficiency can cause confusion or memory loss. An assessment by a doctor can determine if any of those reversible health concerns exist, as well as outline a plan for treatment.

Treatment of Dementia

While treatments to reverse or halt disease progression are not available for most of the dementias, patients can benefit to some extent from treatment with available medications and other measures, such as cognitive training.

Not withstanding the aforementioned regarding treatment of dementia. Some Medications that are approved specifically to treat Alzheimer’s disease are often prescribed to treat other kinds of dementia as well. While some people report seeing very little benefit, others report that these medications seem to temporarily improve cognitive functioning and slow the progression of dementia. Other ways to respond to changes in cognition and behaviour include non-drug approaches like maintaining a daily routine, changing how caregivers respond to the person with dementia, and paying attention to non-verbal communication from your loved one.

Preventing Dementia

There is no sure-fire way to prevent all types of dementia.

However, research suggests a healthy lifestyle can help lower your risk of developing dementia when you are older. It can also prevent cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes and heart attacks.

To reduce your risk of developing dementia and other serious health conditions, it’s recommended that you: 

  • eat a healthy diet 
  • maintain a healthy weight 
  • exercise regularly 
  • don’t drink too much alcohol 
  • stop smoking (if you smoke) 
  • make sure to keep your blood pressure at a healthy level

 

Please contact us today, to discuss any of the above mentioned challenges you may be facing and how our services can help you remain independent, protected, safe, and in you home / community.

You got questions, we have answers: (905) 785-2341 or email us at homecare@inourcareservices.com

 

Senior Care: Alzheimer’s & Dementia

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Alzheimers

Caring for people with Alzheimer’s and Dementia

While there’s nothing wrong with bingo as an activity, there are many reasons to think creatively when it comes to activities for those with Alzheimer’s disease and other kinds of dementia.

One of the keys is that the activity should be meaningful for the person. Often, meaning is tied to past occupation or hobbies, so what’s meaningful for one person might not be so for another. Whether you’re caring for a loved one in your own home or for a patient at a facility, consider the person’s interests, occupation and passions. If you work in a facility and don’t know the person’s history, ask their family members or observe their reaction to different activities. Then, choose a few activities they’ve responded well to and note the areas of interest. Here are a few types of people and corresponding activities to consider.

  • The Homemaker For those individuals who primarily took care of a home, you might offer a cloth to dust dressers or handrails, or to wash the table. They might enjoy folding a basket of washcloths and towels, or the task of setting the table. The object here is not to have the individual do large amounts of work, but rather to give the person something familiar and meaningful to do.
Just a note here. If you’re using this idea in a facility, you may want to ask the physician for an order that allows therapeutic work and receive permission from the family as well.
  • The Fix It Individual Was your loved one the fixer, the handyman, or the go-to guy? Maybe he’d like to sort through and match up nuts and bolts, or tighten screws into pieces of wood. Perhaps he’d like to connect smaller PVC pipes together. There are also activity boards with lots of “to do” things attached that you can purchase.
  • The Mechanic If his passion is cars, maybe he’d enjoy looking at pictures of old cars or tinkering with smaller engine parts. Some towns hold car events where older cars are displayed or driven down a road; if yours does, consider bringing him to that event. He also may be able to help you wash the car.
  • The Pencil Pusher For the person who sat at a desk and worked with papers, pens and pencils, she might love having a pile of papers to file, an adding machine or calculator to use, forms to complete or documents to read. Some people might like carrying a notebook and pen around to write down information.
  • The Musician If music is her thing, offer her opportunities to use this gift. People in the early to mid-stages of Alzheimer’s may be able to sing in a choir or play the piano. I know one woman with dementia who leads a sing-along almost daily because of her musical gifts. She’ll even take requests for which songs to play, and despite her poor memory, plays songs almost faultlessly.
If he enjoys listening to music rather than performing it, make recordings of his favorite songs and play them for him.
  • The Parent / Caregiver Have you ever noticed how people with dementia often brighten up and take note when babies and children are around? A child can often get a response when adults fail. Interactions with children and babies have been a normal part of many people’s lives. Sometimes when a person is living in a facility with other people of similar age or living at home and not getting out often, they no longer interact regularly with kids. Create opportunities for interaction with kids, whether that’s arranging for a visiting time, going on a walk together or bringing by your new baby to a facility near you.
Some older adults, particularly women, may also enjoy holding and caring for a baby doll. Often, the person connects with that baby doll and enjoys the sense of a familiar role in caregiving for the doll
  • The Animal Lover If your family member loves pets, consider having him walk the dog with you or brush the dog’s hair. If he’s not able to do these things, he might enjoy having a bird or two in a cage or a fish aquarium to watch. 
In the middle to late stages of Alzheimer’s, some people are comforted by holding a stuffed kitten or puppy. I’ve often observed them stroking the fur and holding it close.
  • The Gardener Is she an accomplished gardener? Provide her with a place to plant seeds, water them and watch them grow. She might also enjoy flower arranging or harvesting and preparing vegetables.
  • The Puzzler Although people with dementia typically have impaired memories, some of them are still quite capable of doing crossword puzzles, word searches and jumbles. Others might enjoy simple jigsaw puzzles as well. Have some different puzzle opportunities sitting out for your loved one to do.
  • The Engineer If he collected trains growing up, or is simply fascinated by them, consider setting up an electric train so he can help arrange the tracks or simply watch the activity. You can also gather a book collection or movies about trains.
  • The Sports Fan Provide the avid sports lover the chance to mini putt, do Wii bowling, play the beanbag tossing game or watch a little league baseball game. You can also arrange for several people to get together to watch the big game on television and eat some junk food, or, I mean healthy alternatives. Or, perhaps he’d get a kick out of sorting through and organizing baseball cards.
  • The Artist Art provides a creative outlet to make something, so it provides a purpose and a task. Gather some non-toxic clay, watercolor paints, washable markers, colored pens or pencils, and paper. You can use these materials in a directed way i.e. “Here’s some clay for you. Today let’s try to make a flower vase” or a non-directed way “There’s art supplies laid out on the table. Feel free to choose any color of paint to get started.” Clay and paint are great for tactile stimulation and they provide a way to occupy and strengthen the hands as well.
  • The Faithful Don’t neglect this important area. For many people, as they age, the importance of spiritual nurturing increases. Offer them books of faith in keeping with their tradition, times of prayer or meditation, or singing together.

Sources:

Alzheimer’s Society. Keeping active and staying involved. Accessed August 23, 2012.